Treaty Of Friendship And Alliance Between Dato’ Temenggong Sri Maharaja Abu Bakar Johor With Dato’ Raja Bendahara Tun Koris Pahang. This treaty was signed in Singapore on 17th June 1862, witnessed by Orfeur Cavenagh Governor Straits Settlements. Summary of Agreement:
Kedaulatan dan Ketuanan Negeri Johor
Pahang And Johor
- There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between Pahang and Johor.
- Should Johor be attacked by enemies, Pahang will assist until the enemies are defeated.
- Similarly, Johor will render assistance to Pahang in the event of an invasion.
- The Endau River and Tioman Island will continue as borders between the two states.
- The citizens of each state have the right to trade in both states and with the same privileges.
- British traders are permitted into any state and are subject to similar terms and conditions.
- Any dispute arising between the parties will be referred to the British government for a decision.
- Neither party shall enter into any agreement or maintain correspondence with any foreign power without the knowledge of the British.
Kebijaksanaan dan wawasan Kesultanan Johor Moden menentukan ketuanan dan kedaulatan takhta, kerajaan dan Negeri Johor tetap kekal dan tidak ditelan zaman. Keabsahan kedaulatan dan ketuanan Johor adalah berdasarkan undang-undang dan peraturan yang terbukti daripada dokumen perjanjian, persetiaan dan triti.
Dokumen Persetiaan antara Sri Maharaja Abu Bakar Johor dengan Sri Maharaja Bendahara Tun Koris Pahang yang ditandatangani di Singapura pada 17 Jun 1862
The Johor Government Treaty
An Agreement was signed in the Colonial Office in London on 11 December 1885 between the British Government and the Independent State of Johor to strengthen ties between both parties. Maharaja Abu Bakar signed the Agreement on behalf of Johor, and Frederick Arthur Stanley, Secretary of State for the Colonies, signed on behalf of the British government, witnessed by Dato' Abdul Rahman Andak and Robert G.W. Herbert.
Among the objectives of the agreement are:
Article 1 : The two governments are to cooperate and ensure peace and security of the population, provide joint defence from hostile external attacks, and the mutual surrender of convicts.
Article 2 : Johor will make arrangements to facilitate trade and transit communication overland through Johor and Pahang.
Article 3 : Upon request, Johor will appoint a British officer as a Consular Officer and provide accommodation.
Article 4 : Johor is permitted to use the currency of the Straits Settlements with the same value and limitations.
Article 5 : British officers shall at all times have free access to the waters of Johor, extending up to three miles from the coast or to an imaginary line midway between Johor and Singapore if the waters are less than six miles in width.
Article 6 : Johor will not execute any agreement without the consent of the British government, or enter into any engagement with any foreign state, or interfere in politics and administration, or enter into any political correspondence with any state, or make any grants or concessions to other than the British subjects.
Article 7 : The Government of Her Majesty agrees and acknowledges that the Maharaja of Johor, his heirs and successors lawfully succeeding him be recognized as Sultan of the State and Territory of Johor and shall be so addressed.
Original copy of 11 December 1885. (Source: National Archives Malaysia)
The Straits Settlements - Johor (Territorial Waters) Agreement 1927
An Agreement signed in Singapore on 19 October 1927 between Sir Hugh Charles Clifford, Governor of the Straits Settlements and Sultan Ibrahim Ibni Sultan Abu Bakar, the Sultan of Johor, witnessed by J.D Hall and J. Higgins on one side, and Dato' Abdullah Jaafar, the Menteri Besar of Johor and Dato' Hj Mohd Said bin Sulaiman, Private Secretary to Sultan Ibrahim on the other side. The agreement comprises 4 Articles:
Article 1 : The boundary between the Territorial Waters of the Settlement of Singapore and those of the State and Territory of Johor shall, except as hereafter specified in this Article, be an imaginary line following the centre of the deep water channel in Johor Straits, between the mainland of the State and Territory of Johor on the one side, and the northern shores of the islands of Singapore, Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong Kecil, and Pulau Tekong Besar on the other side. Where if at all the channel divides into two portions of equal depth running side by side, the boundary shall run midway between these two portions. At the Western entrance of Johor Straits, the border, after passing through the centre of the deep water channel eastward of Pulau Merambong, shall proceed seaward in the general direction of the axis of this channel produced until it intersects the three-mile limit drawn from the low water mark of the south coast of Pulau Merambong. At the eastern entrance of Johor Straits, the boundary shall be held to pass through the centre of the deep water channel between the mainland of Johor, westward of Bukit Johor, and Pulau Tekong Besar. Then continue in the middle of the deep water channel between the shoals of Johor and the Johor mainland on the south side of Bukit Johor. And finally turned to the south side until it reached the limit of three miles measured from the low tide mark for the mainland of Johor at a place of 192 degrees from Tanjung Setapa. The boundaries, as defined with red lines on the map annexed here, form part of this Agreement. Should the map, due to the change of watercourse in the channel and others, be seen at any time to conflict with the text of this Agreement, then the text shall, in all cases, prevail.
Article 2 : Subject to the provisions of Article I hereof, all those waters that have been handed over to His Majesty the Sultan and Temenggong of Johor under the Treaty of the 2nd of August 1824, which are within three nautical miles of the mainland of the State and Territory of Johor measured from low tide shall be deemed to be within the territorial waters of the State and Territory of Johor.
Article 3 : All islets lying in the territorial waters of the State and Territory of Johor as defined in Articles I and II hereof, which immediately prior to this agreement formed part of His Britannic Majesty's dominions, are hereby ceded in full sovereignty and property to his Highness the Sultan of the State and Territory of Johor, his heirs and successors forever.
Article 4 : This Agreement shall remain without effect until it has received the consent of the British Parliament.
Original copy of the 1927 Waters Treaty. (Source: National Archives Malaysia)
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